Medicinal and Aromatic plants (MAPs) contribute significantly to rural economy and health security of the country. More than 90% of the formulations under the Indian systems of medicine contain plant-based raw materials. India exports herbal materials and medicines to the tune of nearly 600 corers annually and herbal based drug industry in the country is valued more than 4000 corers annually. In Bihar, area under MAP cultivation is 2600 ha only which is far below the national average. Thus, the status of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants cultivation is still negligible in Bihar. Though commercial cultivation of Mentha and Lemon grass are picking up in the state but still a lot of efforts are required to observe the real impacts of MAPs cultivation. Presently, Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are increasingly perceived as diversification crops in Indian agriculture. Development of suitable agronomic practices for MAPs is crucial to convert these plants into economically viable components in existing cropping systems of Bihar. Therefore, it is necessary for individual state to develop agro-technologies for medicinal plants and motivate farmers towards profitable cultivation of MAP crops for their livelihood security.